$1.3B DLE Albemarle commit
LithiumLong
Albemarle $1.3B DLE scaling Chile + US 2026
Source: Sustain
$128B critical mineral investment 2025
IndustryLong
Critical mineral investment $128B 2025 +62% vs 2023
Source: Sustain
15+ projects mothballed price trough
LithiumShort
15+ lithium developments delayed/cancelled trough
Source: Sustain
17 lanthanides + Sc Y
REELong
17 REE = 15 lanthanides + Sc + Y
Source: WEF
2030 PPA deficit anticipated
PhosphateShort
PPA deficit anticipated as early as 2030
Source: IEA
2035 supply only 55% demand
ManganeseShort
Battery-grade Mn supply only 55% demand 2035 STEPS
Source: IEA
Albemarle DLE 90% recovery
LithiumLong
Albemarle DLE 90% Li recovery vs 50% conventional
Source: Sustain
Antimony fire retardants munitions
OtherMulti
Antimony fire retardants munitions
Source: encyclopedia
Argentina Zimbabwe new entrants
LithiumLong
Argentina Zimbabwe Li new entrants growth
Source: IEA
Ascend Elements
RecyclingMulti
Ascend Elements US battery recycling
Source: encyclopedia
Battery-grade manganese sulphate
ManganeseLong
Battery-grade manganese sulphate critical
Source: IEA
Canada Nickel Crawford project
NickelLong
Canada Nickel Crawford world-class scale ESG
Source: Crux
Cesium oil drilling fluids
OtherMulti
Cesium oil drilling fluids Cabot
Source: encyclopedia
China 40% reserves Vietnam Brazil 20%
REEMulti
China 40% reserves Vietnam + Brazil ~20% each
Source: WEF
China 70%+ REE production
REEShort
China 70%+ REE production WEF
Source: WEF
China 75% PPA supply
PhosphateShort
China 75% global PPA supply
Source: IEA
China 95% supply
ManganeseShort
China 95% battery-grade manganese sulphate supply
Source: IEA
China dominates 70%+ supply
GraphiteShort
China dominates ~70% graphite supply
Source: WEF
China gallium germanium 2023+ export limits
REEShort
China gallium + germanium + graphite export limits 2023+
Source: Sustain
China ~75% refining
CobaltShort
China ~75% global refined cobalt supply
Source: WEF
Co Ni Cu Pb 90% recovery 2025
RecyclingLong
Co Ni Cu Pb 90% recovery rates 2025 EU
Source: SciDirect
Co price -10-20% 2024
CobaltShort
Cobalt prices -10-20% 2024 oversupply
Source: IEA
DRC ~75% mining
CobaltShort
DRC ~75% global cobalt mining
Source: WEF
Demand +30% 2024
LithiumLong
Lithium demand growth +30% 2024
Source: IEA
Demand +7% annually 2020s
NickelLong
Nickel demand +7%/yr early 2020s structural
Source: Crux
Demand 2x by 2030 5-6Mt
NickelLong
Nickel demand 2x by 2030 to 5-6 Mtpa
Source: Crux
EU 34 critical materials
IndustryLong
EU 34 critical raw materials list
Source: WEF
EU Battery Directive 65% 2025
RecyclingLong
EU Battery Directive 65% Li-ion recycling efficiency 2025
Source: SciDirect
EU CRMA 2030 10/40/25 targets
IndustryLong
EU CRMA 2030 10% extraction 40% processing 25% recycling
Source: Sustain
Gallium GaN semiconductors
OtherLong
Gallium GaN semiconductors China dominates
Source: WEF
Germanium fiber optics
OtherMulti
Germanium fiber optics solar PV
Source: WEF
Glencore Mutanda DRC
CobaltMulti
Glencore Mutanda Katanga DRC cobalt
Source: encyclopedia
Greenbushes Australia Tianqi
LithiumLong
Greenbushes Australia hard rock Tianqi/Albemarle
Source: encyclopedia
Hydromet pyromet processes
RecyclingLong
Hydrometallurgical + pyrometallurgical processes
Source: Sustain
IRA FEOC sourcing 2024+
IndustryLong
IRA FEOC critical mineral sourcing 2024+
Source: Sustain
Indium ITO touchscreens
OtherMulti
Indium ITO touchscreens display
Source: encyclopedia
Indonesia 48% Ni production
NickelShort
Indonesia 48% global nickel production CRS
Source: CRS
Indonesia 50%+ smelting
NickelShort
Indonesia 50%+ global nickel smelting share
Source: Sustain
LFP 98% China supply chain
LFPShort
LFP 98% cathode + cells produced China
Source: IEA
LFP ~50% global EV market
LFPLong
LFP ~50% global EV market 2026 up from 10% 2020
Source: IEA
LFP/Na-ion no cobalt
CobaltShort
LFP + sodium-ion batteries no cobalt
Source: WEF
LITH Global X Lithium ETF
LithiumMulti
LITH Global X Lithium & Battery Tech ETF
Source: encyclopedia
LME Mar 2022 short squeeze halt
NickelShort
LME nickel Mar 2022 short squeeze trading halt
Source: FAS
LME trust faltered post-2022
NickelShort
LME trust faltered post-2022 nickel halt
Source: FAS
LMFP emerging chemistry
ManganeseLong
LMFP lithium manganese iron phosphate emerging
Source: IEA
Li $80K → $12K → $18-22K
LithiumMulti
Lithium carbonate $80K 2022 → $12K 2024 → $18-22K 2026
Source: Sustain
Li 35% recovery 2025
RecyclingMulti
Lithium 35% recovery rate 2025 EU
Source: SciDirect
Li price -80% from peak
LithiumShort
Lithium prices -80% from 2022 peak
Source: IEA
Li-Cycle Holdings LICY
RecyclingMulti
Li-Cycle Holdings LICY battery recycling NA
Source: encyclopedia
NCA Tesla 4680
NickelMulti
NCA nickel-cobalt-aluminum Tesla 4680
Source: encyclopedia
NMC battery chemistry
NickelLong
NMC nickel-manganese-cobalt EV high density
Source: Crux
NOVAC US natural graphite
GraphiteMulti
Nouveau Monde Graphite NMG Quebec
Source: encyclopedia
NdFeB magnets EV motors wind
REELong
NdFeB neodymium-iron-boron permanent magnets
Source: WEF
Niobium Nb steel alloys
OtherMulti
Niobium Nb steel alloys CBMM Brazil
Source: encyclopedia
PPA bottleneck LFP
PhosphateLong
PPA purified phosphoric acid bottleneck LFP
Source: IEA
REMX VanEck REE Strategic Metals
REEMulti
REMX VanEck REE & Strategic Metals ETF
Source: encyclopedia
Recycling 25-40% mine reduction
RecyclingLong
Recycling 25-40% mine development reduction 2050
Source: IEA
Redwood Materials USA
RecyclingLong
Redwood Materials USA battery recycling Straubel
Source: encyclopedia
Salar de Atacama Chile largest
LithiumLong
Salar de Atacama Chile lithium triangle
Source: encyclopedia
Sodium-ion emerging
LFPLong
Sodium-ion batteries emerging tech CATL
Source: IEA
Solid-state next gen
LFPLong
Solid-state batteries next gen Toyota Samsung
Source: encyclopedia
Sovereign Metals Kasiya rutile+graphite
GraphiteLong
Sovereign Metals Kasiya rutile + graphite Malawi
Source: Crux
Synthetic graphite higher emissions
GraphiteMulti
Synthetic graphite higher GWP than natural
Source: WEF
Syrah Resources SYR Mozambique
GraphiteMulti
Syrah Resources SYR Mozambique Balama
Source: encyclopedia
Tantalum capacitors
OtherMulti
Tantalum capacitors electronics conflict mineral
Source: encyclopedia
Top 3 mining 77% share
IndustryLong
Top 3 mining countries 77% market share 2024
Source: IEA
Top 3 refining 86% concentration
IndustryShort
Top 3 refining nations 86% market share 2024
Source: IEA
Tungsten W military hard alloys
OtherMulti
Tungsten W military hard alloys China dominant
Source: encyclopedia
US 25% tariff Chinese cobalt 2024
CobaltLong
US 25% tariff Chinese cobalt ores 2024
Source: FAS
US 25% tariff natural flake 2026
GraphiteLong
US 25% tariff natural flake graphite 2026
Source: FAS
US 50 critical minerals list
IndustryLong
US designated 50 critical minerals
Source: SD
Westwater Resources WWR Alabama
GraphiteMulti
Westwater Resources WWR US graphite Alabama
Source: encyclopedia
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